{"id":9296,"date":"2025-06-20T17:07:49","date_gmt":"2025-06-20T15:07:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rivistaeco.com\/?p=9296"},"modified":"2025-06-20T17:07:49","modified_gmt":"2025-06-20T15:07:49","slug":"european-defense-italians-want-it-parties-dont","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rivistaeco.com\/en\/2025\/06\/20\/european-defense-italians-want-it-parties-dont\/","title":{"rendered":"European Defense: Italians Want It, Parties Don\u2019t"},"content":{"rendered":"

Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine and the threatened U.S. withdrawal from European security have reignited the debate over the need for a common defense. This awareness underlies the Readiness 2030 plan proposed by the European Commission. The plan has sparked strong divisions in Italian politics. Among citizens, however, there appears to be broader support. According to a recent poll, over 60% of respondents favor increased military spending. But a deeper look reveals significant differences of opinion. Support drops among economically vulnerable groups: blue-collar workers, the unemployed, and homemakers. It is also weaker among left-wing voters, abstainers, and the undecided. The future of European common defense will depend on the ability to reconcile military strategy priorities with social demands.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

In recent years, the international landscape has become increasingly unstable. The ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine, with no end in sight, and the gradual\u2014at times openly hostile\u2014U.S. disengagement from European defense have brought back to the forefront a question many believed resolved: how solid is the collective security of European countries?<\/p>\n

Italian Politics Divided Over the Rearmament Plan<\/strong><\/h3>\n

In Italy, the debate intensified around the recent European Parliament vote on a resolution tied to the EU\u2019s Defense White Paper, which includes explicit support for the Readiness 2030 plan proposed by the Commission. The vote split Italy\u2019s representatives, both in the ruling coalition and the opposition: MEPs elected with Fratelli d\u2019Italia and Forza Italia voted in favor, while those from Lega opposed it. Similarly, in the opposition, MEPs from Movimento 5 Stelle, Alleanza Verdi-Sinistra, and Pace Terra Dignit\u00e0 voted against, while the Democratic Party (PD) was internally divided: ten MEPs voted in favor, eleven abstained, and thirteen voted against the paragraph endorsing the plan.<\/p>\n

Statements from political leaders clearly reflect this polarization. According to the Foreign Minister, Readiness 2030 represents \u201ca step forward in building effective European defense.\u201d By contrast, Matteo Salvini (Lega) criticized the plan, saying, \u201cfor Ursula von der Leyen, European states can go into debt only to arm themselves,\u201d while Angelo Bonelli (Greens) condemned cuts to \u201cessential resources for people\u2019s lives, which will lead to dramatic impoverishment in Europe.\u201d<\/p>\n

What Italians Think<\/strong><\/h3>\n

That\u2019s the political debate\u2014but what do Italian citizens think about investing more in a common European defense? The results of a new survey conducted by Monitoring Democracy in collaboration with Swg offer an in-depth look at Italians\u2019 views. The survey was conducted in March 2025 with a sample of 1,249 individuals, representative of the Italian population by gender, age, and geographical area. Data were collected via CAWI (Computer Assisted Web Interviewing) through Swg\u2019s proprietary smartphone app.<\/p>\n

The findings are quite clear: over 60% of respondents support investments in a common European defense and rate the importance of the issue at 7 or higher (on a 1\u201310 scale). Only 15% express clear opposition (rating the importance at 4 or lower). These numbers suggest relatively strong support for the European plan. Still, the issue of investing in a joint military defense remains complex and sensitive, tied to diverse views on supranational institutions and how to allocate limited public resources\u2014especially if financed by new debt.<\/p>\n

Support Reflects Income<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The complexity becomes more evident when analyzing responses by income bracket, occupation, and political preferences.<\/p>\n

Unsurprisingly, support\u2014though generally high\u2014tends to drop, sometimes sharply, as respondents’ perceived economic conditions decline (from upper-middle, to lower-middle, to low income\u2014see chart below). Among those who consider themselves economically precarious, support for the plan (rating of 7 or higher) falls below 50%, while opposition (rating of 4 or lower) rises above 22%.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

A particularly telling example is the responses from the unemployed, blue-collar workers, and homemakers\u2014three of the most economically vulnerable groups (see chart below). Blue-collar workers and homemakers are the only categories in which fewer than half of respondents support increased investment in common defense. In all three groups, more than 1 in 10 assigns the lowest possible score (1) to the issue, and nearly 1 in 5 expresses general opposition (score of 4 or lower). This suggests that, in struggling segments of society, increased military spending may be seen as forced or even a waste of resources that should go to more urgent areas\u2014such as health care and education. This perception is exacerbated by the fact that the European Commission proposes loosening budget constraints for military spending\u2014whereas the same rules are often blamed (by parties across the political spectrum) for blocking expansive welfare policies.<\/p>\n

The Strongest Opposition: Abstainers and the Disillusioned<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Economic hardship isn\u2019t the only factor shaping views on European defense\u2014political orientation matters too. Looking at voting intentions (see chart below), the picture becomes more nuanced. Among those intending to vote for parties that explicitly opposed the Readiness 2030 plan, more than half still support common defense: 58% for Lega and Alleanza Verdi-Sinistra, and 53% for Movimento 5 Stelle. Even among undecided voters\u2014the third-largest \u201cparty\u201d in the sample, after Fratelli d\u2019Italia and the Democratic Party\u2014support remains solid: 6 in 10 favor increased investment in common defense.<\/p>\n

So why do many parties voice such strong opposition to more defense spending, despite this apparent cross-party public support? A partial answer comes from analyzing abstentionists and disillusioned voters (those who would cast blank or null ballots). Among those not planning to vote, 17% give the issue the lowest possible importance rating (1), while among the disillusioned, fewer than 1 in 4 strongly support defense spending.<\/p>\n

These results reveal a striking contradiction: despite solid support among the Italian public for more integration on defense, political representation struggles to translate it into a unified position. The outcome is a polarized and often instrumentalized debate, where common defense becomes a battleground for ideological disputes rather than a reasoned, forward-looking discussion on Europe\u2019s strategic priorities.<\/p>\n

Support for a common European defense seems broad\u2014but fragile. It can erode in times of economic uncertainty and is vulnerable to political disillusionment and institutional distrust. That\u2019s why, if the European Union truly wants to build a shared security policy, it will require a sustained communication and political effort\u2014one that clearly explains the objectives, costs, and benefits of defense investments and prevents them from being dismissed as just another political controversy.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Livio Di Lonardo is an Assistant Professor of Political Science at Bocconi University. His research focuses on international politics and security, particularly deterrence, external military interventions in civil conflicts, authoritarian regimes, and terrorism.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine and the threatened U.S. withdrawal from European security have reignited the debate over the need for a common defense. 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